Telling Time and Numbers in Korean

Telling Time and Numbers in Korean

Telling Time and Numbers in Korean

 

Telling Time and Numbers in Korean

There are two sets of numbers in Korean. There are Sino-Korean numbers, derived from Chinese, and Native Korean numbers.

Sino-Korean Numbers

Numbers higher than 10,000 can be difficult because Sino-Korean numbers work with multiples of 10,000. In English we use multiples of 1,000. With some practice you will have it down in no time.

Sino-Korean Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
100
1,000
10,000
십만 100,000
백만 1,000,000
천만 10,000,000

 

Sino-Korean Numbers Practice

Sino-Korean Number Formula
십일 11 10 + 1
십육 16 10 + 6
이십 20 2 * 10
팔십육 86 8 * 10 + 6
백사 104 100 + 4
백칠십구 179 100 + 7 * 10 + 9
삼백오십사 354 3 * 100 + 5 * 10 + 4
구백십칠 917 9 * 100 + 10 + 7
천백십구 1,119 1,000 + 100 + 10 + 9
이천삼십육 2,036 2 * 1,000 + 3 * 10 + 6
오천이백육십오 5,265 5 * 1,000 + 2 * 100 + 6 * 10 + 5
팔천오백이 8,502 8 * 1,000 + 5 * 100 + 2
만칠천 17,000 10,000 + 7 * 1,000
오만육천오백 56,500 5 * 10,000 + 6 * 1,000 + 5 * 100
이십만 200,000 20 * 10,000
오백만 5,000,000 500 * 10,000

 

Native Korean Numbers

Native Korean Number
하나 1
2
3
4
다섯 5
여섯 6
일곱 7
여덟 8
아홉 9
10
스물 20
서른 30
마흔 40
50
예순 60
일흔 70
여든 80
아흔 90

 

Native Korean Numbers Practice

Native Korean numbers are not used at 100 or above, instead Sino-Korean numbers are used. Outside of counting age, you rarely use Native Korean numbers above 30.

Native Korean Number Formula
열하나 11 10 + 1
스물일곱 27 20 + 7
서른여섯 36 30 + 6
마흔둘 42 40 + 2
쉰아홉 59 50 + 9
예순셋 63 60 + 3
일흔넷 74 70 +4
여든다섯 85 80 + 5
아흔여덟 98 90 + 8

 

 Zero in Korean

There are two ways to say zero in Korean:

1. 공

공 is used when saying telephone numbers. 010-1230-1230, 공일공-일이삼공-일이삼공

2. 영

영 is used for:
♦   Points in a sporting event. Ex. The score is 0 to 3 (영 대 삼).
♦   Math
♦  Temperature of 0 degrees

Counters in Korean

Korean has a very long list of counters. Many are used with Native Korean numbers and some are used with Sino-Korean numbers. Again, outside of counting age, you rarely use Native Korean numbers above 30.

 

Counters for Native Korean Numbers

Counter English
thing
person
person(honorific)
years old
시간 hour(duration)
o’clock(telling time)
month(duration)
glass, cup
bottle
마리 animal
automobiles, machines
boat, ship
books
paper
자루 long objects, writing utensil, knife
송이 flower, bunch(bananas)
켤레 pairs(socks, shoes)
set/pair of clothes
buildings
grain of rice
large fruit/vegetable(watermelon, napa cabbage
그루 tree
두름 bundle

 

Counters for Sino-Korean Numbers

Counter English
won, ₩, KRW
길로그램,길로 kilogram
그램 gram
길로미터 kilometer
미터 meter
센티미터, 센티 centimeter
times
years old(honorific)
개월 month(duration)
month(date)
week
day
minute
second
floor(1st floor, 2nd floor)
degrees

 

Counters and Numbers in Korean Sentences

5 Irregular Native Korean Numbers

Native Korean numbers can be adjectives or nouns. There are five Native Korean numbers that change when used as adjectives.
Ex. 하나 changes to 한 when used with a counter. 한 개 = one thing

Native Number 하나 스물
Adjective Form 스무
Number 1 2 3 4 20

 

The 4 Sentence Structures for Numbers in Korean

 

1. NounNumberCounter

Noun-Number-Counter is the structure used most often in speech.

Examples:

사람 = four people
나는 사람 을 만났어요. = I met four people.

자동차 = two cars
나는 자동차 를 샀어요. = I bought two cars.

 

2. NumberCounter-의-Noun

Number-Counter-의-Noun is the structure you see more often in printed materials.

Examples:

의 사람 = four people
나는 의 사람을 만났어요. = I met four people.

 자동차 = two cars
나는    자동차를 샀어요. = I bought two cars.

 

3. NumberNoun

The Number-Noun structure doesn’t use a counter so a countable noun must be used with this structure.

Examples:

 사람 = four people
나는  사람 만났어요. = I met four people.

 자동차 = two cars
나는  자동차를 샀어요. = I bought two cars.

 

4. NounNumber

The Noun-Number structure doesn’t use a counter so a countable noun must be used with this structure.
Also, the number in this structure is considered a noun so 하나, 둘, 셋, 넷, and 스물 do not change when using this structure.

Examples:

사람   = four people
나는 사람  만났어요. = I met four people.

자동차  = two cars
나는 자동차  샀어요. = I bought two cars.

 

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How to Tell Time in Korean

Telling Time in Korean Vocabulary

Korean English
o’clock
minute
second
half(30 minutes)
오전 before noon
오후 afternoon
night
새벽 dawn
아침 morning time after sunrise, breakfast
점심 midday, lunch
저녁 evening, dinner
정오 noon
자정 midnight

 

The Structure for Telling Time in Korean

TimeOfDayIndicator – NativeNumber 시 –  Sino-KoreanNumber 분 –  Sino-KoreanNumber 초

Time Numeral/Unit Written
5:50:27 5시 50분 27초 오 시 오십 분 이십칠 초
2:15 2시 15분 두 시 십오 분
9:30 9시 반 아홉 시 반
6:38 6시 38분 여섯 시 삼십팔 분
8:47 am 오전 8시 47분 오전 여덟 시 사십칠 분
8:47 am 아침 8시 47분 아침 여덟 시 사십칠 분
1:20 pm 오후 1시 20분 오후 한 시 이십 분
1:20 pm 점심 1시 20분 점심 한 시 이십 분
10:56 pm 밤 10시 56분 밤 열 시 오십육 분
10:56 pm 저녁 10시 56분 저녁 열 시 오십육 분
3:34 am 새벽 3시 34분 새벽 세 시 삼십사 분

Take note that during the dark AM hours the word 새벽 is used not 아침.

 

“What time is it?” in Korean

Question Answer
Polite 지금 몇 시에요? 오전 여덟 시 사십칠 분이에요.
지금 몇 시 몇 분이에요? 오전 여덟 시 사십칠 분이에요.
Informal 지금 몇시야? 오전 여덟 시 사십칠 분이야.
지금 몇시 몇 분이야? 오전 여덟 시 사십칠 분이야.
English What time is it now? It’s 8:47 am.

 

The Time Particle ~에 in Korean

~에 gets attached to time nouns in Korean to mean “at” “in” or “on.” After attaching ~에 to the time noun, it can then be used in a sentence.

Examples:

Korean English
나는 7시 30분 먹었어요. I ate at 7:30.
우리 아침 8시 만났어요. We met at 8am. 
누나는 오후 6시 45분 영화 봤어요. My sister watched a movie at 6:45pm.

 

Telling Time and Numbers in Korean Exercise

Telling Time and Numbers in Korean Exercise Preview

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